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Since the nation started listing privately held landholdings for tax purposes, Bhutan has had land administration agencies. In order to conduct chain surveys, the Land Revenue Survey Office—the first official office—was founded in Samtse in 1956. The Land Record and Settlement Office in 1967 and the Office of the Chief of Survey in 1972 were among the subsequent offices. In 1986, these offices united to establish the Survey of Bhutan. In 1999, it changed its name to the Department of Survey and Land Records, and in 2003, it was moved to the Ministry of Agriculture.

The Department of Survey and Land Records served as the secretariat for the National Land Commission, which was established in pursuant to the Land Act 2007. In addition to supporting land market operations and conservation initiatives, the commission is in charge of overseeing and controlling land ownership and use for socioeconomic development. In addition to approving the exchange of rural registered land with State Reserved Forests land, the act gives the commission the authority to recommend the designation of areas as Thromde, industrial, and protected agricultural areas. The commission can also approve the leasing of State and State Reserve Forest land for a variety of business and development purposes. For all of these procedures to guarantee appropriate land use zoning, spatial planning, and ecosystem preservation, environmental impact assessments are necessary.